[Edit to add: Yes, I'm ignoring the fact that "good" poker players earn many of their chips via
bluffing, this is certainly true, and its why "good" players can avoid much of the coin-flipping I describe below... my discussion is intended more for the casual and straight-forward players to learn from.]
This is a great question - "Can you win a tourney without luck?" - and the answer is a clear and definite NO.
In a tournament, when you play a single hand of poker versus another opponent (or two or three opponents), each hand will have a certain "
equity" value which is based on probabilities. There are software programs that can easily compute the equity of hand matchups at all points - preflop or postflop. Just type in the known cards and the computer does the rest and spits out the percentage value for the possibility of each player winning that hand of poker. Pretty simple stuff and there are plenty of hand equity calculators out there.
So this is the game of "tournament poker". We play hundreds of
poker hands over many hours, and after the tournament is concluded, we can look back at the hand history summary and we can compute all the equity values for all of the hands that we played...
...and what you will see, and should realize, is that a "poker tournament" consists of a whole bunch of preflop equity values such as 50-50, 60-40, 82-18... ignoring chopped pots, two poker hands facing off against each other should always add up to 100%. Many of these matchups will be very close to 50-50, which means we are essentially "flipping a coin" to see who wins that hand. And in a tournament, this means we are going to flip a coin many times. If we lose a lot of these "flips", we'll likely bust out. In fact - and here's where the luck factor ALWAYS comes into play - the only way we're likely to win this tournament is if we win most of our flips.
In a college-level statistics class, you learn all about the
odds of flipping a coin and seeing how many heads in a row you can flip. 3 heads in a row is pretty easy and happens commonly, but 8 heads in a row almost never happens. This is basic probability, 2 heads in a row will happen 1 time out of 4 (25%), 3 heads in a row is 1 out of 8 (12.5%), 4 heads in a row is 1 out of 16 (6.25%) and so on, the odds keep dropping with each consecutive head toss.
This coin flipping exercise is almost identical to a poker tournament. Each hand we choose to play in the tournament is like one of our coin flips. And we'll be making a lot of such coin flips as the tournament progresses. As we all know, lose just one big coin flip pot, and our tournament hopes are crushed... so in order to win a tournament, we litererally have to flip that proverbial coin and hope it comes up heads 10 or 12 or 15 or more times in a row... when it does, we'll crush the tournament and think we're the greatest player in the world!! But it's really just odds, probabilities, equities, doing their thing. Yes you NEED luck to win a tournament - the luck you need is to have all your biggest hands be winners, even if you get AA 100 times and win every time, that is still lucky!!! You should lose 1 out of 5 times you play AA against any 2 random cards (check the equity calculator), so if you win at a higher rate than that and go on to win the tournament because of it...well, you got "lucky" and you "ran above expectation".
It's a great question to ponder, and once you understand that you cannot possibly ever remove the "luck factor" from tournaments... then just decide to embrace it, have fun with it, when you have an unlucky streak despite having the best preflop hand, you can shrug it off because you now understand its all a part of the game and there's no sense getting angry or upset at it since it's just the nature of this game... being a winning tournament player requires an immense amount of patience and stamina, to conquer the long hours of losing so we can find those special tournaments where we run like a God...
Best wishes at the tables!