It really is player dependent to be honest. Some player will call you 2x raise or 5x raise cause that's what they do. The problem you face with the 2x raise and why I don't use it is good players will call you a lot more knowing its only 1 BB more. If I am in the BB I will call not any 2 cards but any reasonable hand when it is raised that small. If you raise with Aks 2x and I call I could have say 53 suited I will call because you game me such great odds to call. You would be allowing me to play a hand I happy fold that could break you that I fold to a slightly bigger raise. Yes the 2x raise can help you win pots but depending who you are against I can be a very dangerous play.
It's all about effective stacks. While you are correct, giving the BB a great price to make the call. Especially if there's other callers behind. But in your exsample of AK vs. 53 is precisely what the AK is looking for.....
We need to consider the amount of flops that are good for us with AK compared to 53... there on millions even billions of diffrent boards.... but the majority of those board are going to favor AK while only a few are gonna favor 53....
For exsample if you flop the very rare 555 of 553, AK is only in for 2BBs, and chances are 53 is gonna check thier nutted/close to nutted hand.... thus AK is either gonna check along, or fire a thin CBet figuring this is a Nutted style flop. (You either hit it or you didnt, along with making a thin call with A high which you beat with kicker) when BB makes your CBet call. The only cards that come on the turn for you to continue would be a A or a K.... and because the call was out of the BB you know a 5 is still very much in thier range so you are proceeding with caution anyways.... this doesnt matter if you bet 5x pre or 2x pre... the diffrence is by the time you reach the river on this flop you have a good understanding of where you are at with a 2x raise then you are with a 5x raise, since a 5x raise pre then this flop seems to have not connected with either range. Leaving a lot of dead money. If someone was to bet into this after a 5x pre it's really hard to tell where anyone stands when comparing ranges....
Now let's consider a more reasonable situation like 346, or 235, or 53J.... dont really need to explain much here, BB checks to the aggressor since they are well ahead, AK is again Thin CBetting, and BB is probably check raising, and AK is able to get away only risking about 4 BBs compared to 8-10....
Now we have a sticky situation that could work in 53's favor, and really isnt that rare.... flops like 5JQ, 53K, 5TJ.... do you notice the diffrence? Out of those 3 scenarios 53 is head in all 3, but the AK is drawing to something stronger.... granted BB is either calling, or check raising in these situation, but AK is coming along.... in a 5x pre pot these are they types of flops that would get them into a huge decision to continue... we would much reither continue risking less, until we are confadent we are good.... we just cant be confadent we are good with that much money in the pot to chance a draw, meaning we jam a check raise with less then our opponent hoping for Fold
equity, or we just fold ourselfs.....
Now let's consider hands like 24K, 46A these are really the only 2 hands that would make your thory correct, but with these being the only 2 flops to come that would benefit the 53 BB on a inflated pre pot. They are still looking to complete a draw to win, but are also disguised in a way to get AK to play for all thier chips....
Now let's assume both miss, regardless of what I list AK is still ahead, close to 4 to 1. Boards like T94, Q68, J27 these hands are going to the player in position if played correctly. Maybe not for a huge pot, but they are picking up the chips....
I hope that helps.