You started the hand with less than 20BB, and the original raiser was even shorter. In that situation there is not enough room to make a non all-in 3-bet, and therefore you should have jammed. With your sizing you put in more than 1/3 of your stack, which mean, you are committed to the pot and can never fold either preflop or postflop. The problem with this is, that it screams strenght, and you can never have a bluff.
If the other players are paying attention, they will think: "Hey wait a minute, why does he not jam, when he is so short? He must really want action." And then they might exploit you by folding hands like AQ or AJ, which you want to get action from. Here it did not matter, because someone had JJ, an this is a completely standard and unavoidable spot for both you and the opponent. Most tournaments end like this, so the only thing to learn from this hand is preflop sizing.