Preflop
Very clear fold against an UTG+1 open. A3o is a garbage hand, you are out of position postflop, and you are not even closing action. The close decision is, if we defend this against a min-raise, if we are in big blind, and even then I would not consider a fold overly tight.
Flop
Great flop for you obviously, and I dont see any point in donk betting. He should C-bet this board very often, but unfortunately this time he did not.
Turn
You could actually consider to get tricky here by checking again with intentions to put in a check-raise. But the safe play is to bet out. However I would also make this larger. If you make it 1.000 chips (or 995 to look cheaper), you will have less than a pot sized bet left for the river, so its very easy to jam and get it in. There are also a lot of river cards, that are not great for you, so I prefer to get more chips in the pot right now.
River
This was probably the worst card, that could even have come, and I certainly agree with checking. Not only is a flush and trips now possible, but you also got counterfeited and essentially have top pair no kicker.
His jam is an overbet, so its pretty polarizing, and I think, we can rule out some of the hands, that potentially beat you. I dont think, he check back flop and just call your small turn bet with two pair or a set. For the same reason, you should look to pile chips in on the turn, so should he, if he had two pair or a set. So I dont think, he will ever have a boat here. I am also not worried about AJ-AK, because why would those hands play this passive on the early streets and then pile it in on a river card, that was also very bad for them.
Flushes are somewhat unlikely also, because most of the suited hands, that open from EP, has an A or a T in them. And these hands are not possible, because we see those two cards on the board. Which leave KQ, KJ and QJ and his most likely flush combos. Maybe he can have a few more, if he open wide, but its not a ton. And as you said yourself, some percentage of the time he would probably C-bet with these good draws.
Trips is actually the value hand, which makes most sense for him to have. KT, QT, JT had pretty much nothing on the flop, unless they were of clubs exactly, so checking back with intentions to mostly just give up is certainly not out of the ordinary. On the turn he then made second pair and facing a very small bet from you, he obviously had to continue.
But even so his value range is kind of thin, and you can have more nutted hands than him, which makes it look a bit fishy. There are also busted draws like spades and QJ, which are logical candidates for bluffing. So I kind of get, what you are saying, that this could be a spot to dig out a huge call.
However your hand is not a particularly good bluff catcher. You dont block the flush, and you also dont block the logical combos of trips like KT, QT or JT. And you have a lot of better hands in your range to call with. You can have a boat here, you can have more flushes than him, and you can also have trips. Or you can even have AQ with Q of clubs or AJ with J of clubs for much better removal.
I also dont think, this is an overbluffed spot in general in the micros. In fact I would rather assume, its probably underbluffed. Meaning that he is supposed to have a bluff here around 40% of the time, but if you make this call 100 times, are you really winning 40? I dont think so, so I would have folded.
Results
I think, jamming QQ is clearly a bluff, and its a pretty bad play by him. He still beat your busted draws, that are giving up, or maybe a hand like JJ betting turn for thin value. So his hand is to in between to make this play. He is never getting called by worse, and as your hero call demonstrate, trying to bluff people off top pair is often a good way to set money on fire in the micros
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