to me, learning the math, pot odds ect..is totally irrelevant. i played in a casino tourney saturday, and flopped a full boat and slow played it like a pro. On the river, i finally put out a bet twice the pot. i folded out two people and the last guy started talking to himself..doing all the math and figure out whether it was worth calling and trying to figure out what i had. Since i only limped in on the button and not raised, he put me on a bluff and called. too bad for him i crippled his stack and he was out in two more hands.
That's really not a situation where math applies though because your holding the nuts after flop. Odds of that are 1/136 or .73%. You got lucky and played it right by sounds of it.
Learning the math is great for situations such as...
You have 55 on button in 1/2. UTG raises 7. Cutoff raises to 17. You call and UTG calls. Your odds of flopping a set are 7.5/1. Since your pot odds are only 3/1 and its likely UTG has a solid hand since he opened UTG to begin your call isn't a very profitable one since you will only hit set one in every 7.5 times and the times your hand doesn't improve you're likely to be beat.
It's applying pot odds vs odds of your hand and making decisions like that to continue to be profitable instead of calling huge bets when its not justified. Your example is an extreme one where the odds are so stacked in you're favor virtually nothin can help your opponent unless its the ability to see your cards and know you flopped the nuts.
The math is just used by players to always know when it's profitable or correct to make certain plays.