I can tell you, most of the time, you 'll lose your stack because most opponents are donkeys, fishes etc.-so you may not be able to put them on the right hand range and push with your overpair when they show resistance, or represent a strong hand. which in the long run, is fine I think against those opponents.
But if your opponent is a good one, meaning he doesnt get out of line- like a tag, I think it will be easier for you to sniff these out esp. in 3bet pots. Most average tags play 3bet pots in certain ways, and if you observe how they play in these when they hit toppair (do they overplay, or be cautious) then when he/she shows a distinctive/strangely strong move(raise) or aggressive call (timin might help u as well) when you have an overpair, this might be a good time to rethink and muck the hand. This is really all you can do. Trust those observations