Of course, if you joined short-stacked at a limit game, and you won like this then if you now have a decent stack for the stakes, then keep playing, otherwise count yourself lucky and leave... not so likely to triple your buy-in in one hand in Limit, though, so I'm presuming the question is mainly oriented towards either Pot Limit or No Limit, where you could lose all those winnings in one hand potentially.
Almost any time I decide I'm going to leave a table, I'll at least see the blinds round, so I can see whether I pick up a monster hand for free... but I figure most people deciding to leave would do that as a matter of course...
One factor for deciding whether I'm going to leave the table then is the amounts that the other players have left. If you have a lot more than the maximum buy-in for the table, and nobody else does, then you may as well cash out the excess, and re-buy back in, because you won't significantly reduce the amount you can win off the other players, and it gets some profit away from the table. On the other hand, if someone has a monster stack from getting really, really aggressive (and lucky), and you just pushed in with a really premium hand heads-up against them, then I may continue waiting for another top 5 hand to play against them, to see if I can use the extra chips to make a lot more profit (because the profit would clearly justify the risk).